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劳动经济学workshop:Childhood Hunger and Self-reported Health in Later Life: Using Vignettes to Characterize Hunger-specific Heterogeneity in Reporting Scales
发布日期：2017-10-27 11:04 来源：大陆成人直播-成人直播中文
Childhood Hunger and Self-reported Health in Later Life: Using Vignettes to Characterize Hunger-specific Heterogeneity in Reporting Scales
Time: October 27th, 2017 (Friday) 13:00 -14:00
Location: Small Classroom of Wanzhong Building, National School of Development, Peking U.
Host: Yaohui Zhao, Xiaoyan Lei, Xinxin Chen, Yafeng Wang
Speaker: Hanxiao Cui, Candidate for M.A. in Economics, National School of Development, Peking U
Abstract
While the biological link between childhood hunger and adult health is well established, little is known about whether such shocks also affect individuals' perception of their health and health‐threat cues later in life. Applying the vignette methodology on self-reported health of Chinese middle-aged and older individuals, this paper investigates how hunger experience changes the response scales people use to evaluate their health. We find that exposure to hunger shifts upwards people's benchmarks for good health, i.e., given the same level of underlying health, those with hunger experiences rate their health worse than those without. We interpret this result as consistent with psychological evidence that trauma survivors tend to catastrophize non-traumatic events as a coping strategy, hence are more vigilant and responsive to putative health threats. The results remain robust when we go beyond the standard HOPIT model by taking into account the heterogeneity of error variances in vignette and health assessments and the sample selection issue due to vignette non-response. Our findings suggest that drawing inference on self-reported health without correcting for scaling bias will overestimate the detrimental effects of hunger experiences.
Statistical bias, Cognitive Fluency and Halo Effect – Analyzing Grading Bias Caused by Handwriting Quality in A Randomized Controlled Trial
Time: October 27th, 2017 (Friday) 14:00 -15:30
Location: Small Classroom of Wanzhong Building, National School of Development, Peking U.
Host: Yaohui Zhao, Xiaoyan Lei, Xinxin Chen, Yafeng Wang
Speaker: Jianfeng Xu, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Abstract
In addition to the biological foundations of handwriting quality, this study finds handwriting quality negatively associates to math score and creativity. So, the grading bias driven by handwriting quality may cause unequal opportunities in education and be recognized as a discrimination. This study estimates this bias and finds it explains about 20% of total variance and 15% of gender difference in writing score, and provides a channel to explain the test score disadvantage in sinistrality. This study utilizes a special rule of handwriting quality score in Nantong prefecture’s writing test to quantify handwriting quality (in Chinese) and randomly creates two handwritten versions for each one of 800 representative essays to break the natural tie between handwriting and content quality. The estimated bias is about 0.44 stand deviation, which means 1 point in handwriting (0-5) causes 2.45 points bias in content score (0-60). Additional experiment designs break the mechanism of this bias into statistical bias and taste-based bias, and find that statistical bias is negligible. This study also identifies that the taste-based bias includes two cognitive biases (halo effect and cognitive fluency effect), and quantitatively estimate the halo effect. To reduce discrimination and miss-selecting talents, this study suggests that schools should implement typing in exams as early as possible, or develop an optical-character-recognition grading system. Although the context is special, this experiment the first one to estimate halo effect and suggest that taste-based bias may have behavioral foundations. To correct the attenuation bias caused by measurement error, this study develops a new instrumental variable estimator which improves the asymptotic property of traditional instrumental variable estimators.
Bio
JIANFENG XU is an Ph.D. candidate (& job market candidate) in Economics at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His research focuses on Field experiment &Survey as well as Labor Economics, Development Economics and Behavioral Economics.
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劳动经济学workshop:Childhood Hunger and Self-reported Health in Later Life: Using Vignettes to Characterize Hunger-specific Heterogeneity in Reporting Scales
发布日期：2017-10-27 11:04 来源：大陆成人直播-成人直播中文
Childhood Hunger and Self-reported Health in Later Life: Using Vignettes to Characterize Hunger-specific Heterogeneity in Reporting Scales
Time: October 27th, 2017 (Friday) 13:00 -14:00
Location: Small Classroom of Wanzhong Building, National School of Development, Peking U.
Host: Yaohui Zhao, Xiaoyan Lei, Xinxin Chen, Yafeng Wang
Speaker: Hanxiao Cui, Candidate for M.A. in Economics, National School of Development, Peking U
Abstract
While the biological link between childhood hunger and adult health is well established, little is known about whether such shocks also affect individuals' perception of their health and health‐threat cues later in life. Applying the vignette methodology on self-reported health of Chinese middle-aged and older individuals, this paper investigates how hunger experience changes the response scales people use to evaluate their health. We find that exposure to hunger shifts upwards people's benchmarks for good health, i.e., given the same level of underlying health, those with hunger experiences rate their health worse than those without. We interpret this result as consistent with psychological evidence that trauma survivors tend to catastrophize non-traumatic events as a coping strategy, hence are more vigilant and responsive to putative health threats. The results remain robust when we go beyond the standard HOPIT model by taking into account the heterogeneity of error variances in vignette and health assessments and the sample selection issue due to vignette non-response. Our findings suggest that drawing inference on self-reported health without correcting for scaling bias will overestimate the detrimental effects of hunger experiences.
Statistical bias, Cognitive Fluency and Halo Effect – Analyzing Grading Bias Caused by Handwriting Quality in A Randomized Controlled Trial
Time: October 27th, 2017 (Friday) 14:00 -15:30
Location: Small Classroom of Wanzhong Building, National School of Development, Peking U.
Host: Yaohui Zhao, Xiaoyan Lei, Xinxin Chen, Yafeng Wang
Speaker: Jianfeng Xu, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Abstract
In addition to the biological foundations of handwriting quality, this study finds handwriting quality negatively associates to math score and creativity. So, the grading bias driven by handwriting quality may cause unequal opportunities in education and be recognized as a discrimination. This study estimates this bias and finds it explains about 20% of total variance and 15% of gender difference in writing score, and provides a channel to explain the test score disadvantage in sinistrality. This study utilizes a special rule of handwriting quality score in Nantong prefecture’s writing test to quantify handwriting quality (in Chinese) and randomly creates two handwritten versions for each one of 800 representative essays to break the natural tie between handwriting and content quality. The estimated bias is about 0.44 stand deviation, which means 1 point in handwriting (0-5) causes 2.45 points bias in content score (0-60). Additional experiment designs break the mechanism of this bias into statistical bias and taste-based bias, and find that statistical bias is negligible. This study also identifies that the taste-based bias includes two cognitive biases (halo effect and cognitive fluency effect), and quantitatively estimate the halo effect. To reduce discrimination and miss-selecting talents, this study suggests that schools should implement typing in exams as early as possible, or develop an optical-character-recognition grading system. Although the context is special, this experiment the first one to estimate halo effect and suggest that taste-based bias may have behavioral foundations. To correct the attenuation bias caused by measurement error, this study develops a new instrumental variable estimator which improves the asymptotic property of traditional instrumental variable estimators.
Bio
JIANFENG XU is an Ph.D. candidate (& job market candidate) in Economics at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His research focuses on Field experiment &Survey as well as Labor Economics, Development Economics and Behavioral Economics.
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